Hi Friends,

Even as I launch this today ( my 80th Birthday ), I realize that there is yet so much to say and do. There is just no time to look back, no time to wonder,"Will anyone read these pages?"

With regards,
Hemen Parekh
27 June 2013

Now as I approach my 90th birthday ( 27 June 2023 ) , I invite you to visit my Digital Avatar ( www.hemenparekh.ai ) – and continue chatting with me , even when I am no more here physically

Wednesday 8 May 2024

Sound and Echo

 


 

Dear Supreme Court :

A few days ago , you delivered the verdict saying 100 % VVPAT verification is neither feasible, nor necessary

Simultaneously, you asked the Central Government / Election Commission to explore the possibility of a “ Electronic Machine based 100 % verification “ , which I had suggested in my above mentioned email of 2019 – as also in :

Ø  Votes Audit : Paper gives 99.9936% / Electronic gives 100 %  .. 18 March 2024

 

From the following write-up about Ballot Verifier tool , you will be convinced that the proposals given by me are not only totally FEASIBLE but far superior to the Ballot Verifier

 

I am taking the liberty of sending this blog ( as email ) to our Chief Election Commissioner ( cec@eci.gov.in )


With regards,

Hemen Parekh

www.HemenParekh.ai  /  09 May 2024

===================================================

Sound from India ( 2019 ) :

I sent following e-mail to our Cabinet Ministers / Chief Ministers / NITI Aayog :

Ø  100 % verification of VVPAT ? No problem ! ………….. 02 Apr 2019


Extract :

 

Now, it is too late for the upcoming elections within the next few days , but I urge EC to consider following suggestion for the next election ( even the very next State Election ) :

Just above the EVM , mount a CCTV camera , which is connected with the EVM and gets actuated as soon as the voter presses any button on the EVM

Using “ Close Up / Zoom In “ , the camera will capture a very sharp and focussed image of the paper slip which is below the glass panel and displays following details :

#  Candidate Serial Number

#  Candidate Name

#  Candidate’s photo

 

Using Image Processing Software ,

 

This IMAGE will get converted into TEXT,

- and

Get added to “ Verification Database of EVM # ABC 

 

[ - with the latest Facial Recognition technology available commercially, this will pose no problem ]

 

Each IMAGE – and its corresponding TEXT will carry a “ System Time Stamp “

When voting at a booth gets over at the end of the day , this entire database is tallied with the number of votes registered

That 100 % verification , would take a few seconds  !

That “ 100 % Electronic Audit  Tally [ EAT ], will be immediately shown to the representatives of all the Political parties who are authorized by the EC to remain present inside the booth

And they will be required to sign a EAT declaration , confirming the results shown to them

No more arguments / disputes !

Dear Shri Sunil Aroraji,

If you have any doubt re the feasibility of my suggestion, I request you to contact the manufacturers of the EVMs / CCTVs / TCS / Infosys / Wipro / L&T Infotech etc

This email is sent to :

complaints@eci.gov.in

gopalaswamin@eci.gov.in

balakrish@eci.gov.in

jaipriye@eci.gov.in

 

Echo from America ( 2024 ) :

 

Ø  The Answer to Election Deniers Is in an Idaho County Website  07 May 2024

 

Extract :

Tom O’Donnell had never really been that interested in how elections worked until former president Donald Trump lost in 2020. Then, everything changed.

Like hundreds of thousands of people across the US, O’Donnell joined so-called election integrity groups that posted baseless conspiracies about the 2020 election. His group was called Idaho First Audit, and members flooded election offices across the state with requests for voting data. They weren’t alone: Other organizations like right-wing activist group True the Vote inundated election offices across the country as part of a broader effort they believed would uncover systemic fraud within the election process.

Election workers in Ada County, Idaho, home to the state capital of Boise, were pretty amenable to questions about the election process from O’Donnell’s group. O’Donnell even organized a tour of the Ada County election offices “to learn more about the process of voting,” and struck up a relationship with Trent Tripple, then the deputy county clerk.

But Tripple, who became county clerk last year, was one of the officials struggling to cope with the barrage of records requests and threats that the majority of election offices were receiving at the time. After the records requests overwhelmed the election office’s employees, Tripple and Ada County’s director of election, Saul Seyler, decided they needed to change things up.

So after years of work, they’ve now given election deniers exactly what they’ve been asking for: Last week, Tripple and Seyler launched Ballot Verifier, a first-of-its-kind tool that gives anyone with an internet connection direct access to every single ballot that has been cast in all Ada County elections since 2022, meaning that those in the election denial movement can no longer say that they don’t have access to the information they want.

“We just decided there’s got to be a way that we can push back against this a little bit but also achieve that perfect marriage between technology and government records so that citizens, candidates, parties, everybody has access to all the information that we have,” says Tripple.

The tool provides sleek graphics of all election races, and allows users to filter by type of ballot and even drill right down to precinct level to see an image of every single one of the ballots counted.

Crucially, the ballot images are presented alongside what is known as the cast vote record, which is the record of how the ballot tallying machine counted the vote on election day.

By showing these side-by-side, anyone can instantly see whether there are any discrepancies.

I can’t even dream up how we can be more transparent than this,” says Tripple. “There isn’t anything else that we have that the public cannot see.”

Ballot images and cast vote records, both details about elections barely ever mentioned prior to 2020, have become a focus for election conspiracists trying to prove widespread voter fraud conspiracies.

In some cases, election conspiracists have even built programs to look at ballot images. Well-funded groups like True the Vote have built online tools based on voter rollspreviously reported on by WIRED, which they are urging their tens of thousands of supporters to use and then erroneously claim voters should be struck off the voter rolls.

“It's very different if [an online tool] is coming from an independent group, like True the Vote, that obviously has certain political leanings, and information that they're providing is through a lens,” says Seyler, as opposed to “something like [ Ballot Verifier ], which is available to everybody and truly transparent.

The data, the team says, is also private. “There is nothing that is printed on this ballot other than the individual markings, [nothing] that would tie it to a particular voter,” says Tripple. “The ballot is completely private.”

Still, some election experts have voiced concerns about the potential for systems like Ballot Verifier to pose privacy risks for voters, particularly in small precincts or in cases where voters leave notes on the ballots that could identify them.

“Despite the clear benefits to transparency of releasing cast vote records and ballot images, making these records public comes with trade-offs,” researchers from the Bipartisan Policy Center wrote in August. “Voters’ privacy might be compromised, and vote buying becomes feasible when ballot secrecy is violated—an extreme, if less likely, potential ramification of making ballot images public.”

There have also been some prior efforts to give voters access to ballot imagessuch as in Pueblo County in Colorado in 2021, but these efforts were not as comprehensive or technically proficient as Ballot Verifier.

At the same time that Tripple and Seyler were trying to think about a better solution, Idaho had been using a tool called ElectionStats to give voters access to statistics around election results. That tool was created by Civera Software, a civic technology company that ended up working alongside Ada County election officials to build out the new Ballot Verifier tool.

And even before the system went live, Tripple invited O’Donnell and other skeptics to be among the first to test it out.

“I think it's really good. It's more than I thought would have happened, because when we request our images now, we just get a data dump of files,” O’Donnell tells WIRED, adding that the Telegram group has responded positively to the launch of Ballot Verifier.

WIRED also tested the Ballot Verifier tool, looking at specific precincts and races, filtering votes by type (mail-in ballot, absentee ballot, etc.) and found that the system worked smoothly and instantly displayed images of every ballot cast.

US elections have never been safer, and the 2020 election was declared the “most secure” by Trump’s own officials. But a lot of people still believe unfounded conspiracies about elections, and the roll out of this tool in one county in one state is not necessarily going to change that overnight. Indeed, a review of O’Donnell’s 400-person Telegram channel by WIRED this week shows that many within the election integrity group are still regularly sharing widely debunked conspiracies about voting.

Adam Friedman, Civera’s founder, believes part of the reason for this is a lack of transparency, something which Ballot Verifier can address.

“A lot of the conspiracy theories and divisiveness and toxic rhetoric and mistrust around elections in America goes hand-in-hand with people not being able to see enough and people perceiving voting as being a black box experience,” says Friedman. “Ballot Verifier is really a way to turn a black box into a glass box.”

Friedman says that Civera had already signed a contract with several counties in Texas to provide the tool to them, and was in discussions with counties in multiple other states. The tool is also of interest to academics, and Friedman says the company is in preliminary conversations with two prominent universities and a number of political scientists who study cast vote records.

But Ballot Verifier is not cheap. Friedman and Civera provided a “large discount” on the research and development costs for this tool, but it still cost Ada County $ 40,000. While there are no current plans to roll the tool out nationally, Seyler says that while every county could benefit from using a system like it, election budgets have been historically underfunded. While all the backend work to upload new election data is handled by the company’s employees, the company is also currently building tools to allow local election officials to do this themselves, and go even faster.

The next big test for the Ballot Verifier tool comes later this month with the state-wide primaries in Idaho on May 21. This will be the first time the officials will be working with recent election data rather than historical data, and they know there will be pressure to get that information online as soon as possible. Seyler says the current projection for getting the data uploaded is four to six weeks, though it could be quicker if Civera can finish some additional tools they are working on to improve efficiencies.

Looking further ahead, Tripple even foresees a point when data is available in Ballot Verifier so quickly after a vote that it could be used by candidates or parties to decide whether a recount is necessary, potentially avoiding the expensive and drawn-out recount process.

“That's not going to be possible now because of the speed at which we're uploading this data, but I think that's something that could be happening in the future,” says Tripple.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tuesday 7 May 2024

Thanks, Prof Rajagopal : for validating my suggestion

 


Dear PM : Please include this in 100 DAYS  ROAD-MAP

Context :

IIT-M charts new course, uses blockchain for student body polls   ..   TOI  … 29 Apr 2024

 

Extract :

 

In this season, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras witnessed an innovative stride in democracy by conducting its student body poll using blockchain technology.

 

The initiative, led by students of 'Webops and Blockchain Club' at the Centre for Innovation (CFI), IIT-Madras, has now evolved into a startup, with both governmental and private organisations employing its software for managing land and health records.

 

Originally conceived as a CSR initiative supported by a leading Indian tech company and department of science and technology, the project aimed to address challenges posed by Covid-19, particularly in accessing medical records and tracking health conditions across geographical borders.


Utilisation of blockchain technology in recent IIT-Madras
student legislative council election has garnered recognition in India Book of Records. The team of researchers behind this endeavour pointed out that voting technology is just one among numerous domains where blockchain can revolutionise existing practices.


Envisioning a future where election processes in various sectors embrace secure and transparent blockchain applications for remote voting, Prof Prabhu Rajagopal, (
prajagopal@iitm.ac.in(Work)faculty-in-charge, said:

 

"This student-led project holds immense transformative potential, promising to reshape conduct of elections."

 

On the security issue on blockchain technology, more so as the polls are conducted online, the team believes the "system is impossible to hack." Election, conducted online, underscores the team's confidence in the technology's security.


Anirudh Varna, a fourth-year BTech student involved in the project, highlighted the near-impenetrable security of blockchain, requiring malicious actors to gain control of over 50% of the network's nodes simultaneously, a feat deemed
practically unattainable.


On security concerns of online blockchain-based polls, Rajagopal emphasised the it's
capacity to foster trust and ensure integrity of poll process.

 

( For details / photo > https://www.technologyforyou.org/iit-madras-conducts-indias-first-blockchain-based-elections-plans-to-scale-up/  ………. https://www.t5eiitm.org/carved-in-stone-the-blockchain-election/ )

 

 

 

 

My  Take :

Ø  Simultaneous Polling  .. ……………………………..22 Jan 2018

 

Extract :

Now comes the news that BLOCKCHAIN technology can vastly facilitate MOBILE-BASED VOTING !

If so, EC ( Election Commission  ) should ,

·         develop VotesApp by end of Feb 201

·         give a demo to political parties in March 2018

·         conduct a parallel run ( along with EVM-VVPAT ) for Karnataka State Election in May 2018

·         Publish the results of both methods in June 2018

 

Those who have any doubts re suitability of BLOCKCHAIN technology in voting , may want to refer to :

https://www.rsaconference.com/writable/files/About/application_of_blockchain_technology_in_online_voting.pdf

When designing a new voting system, a core tenet would be to remove all need for “trust,” and place strong emphasis on open verification of the process and the votes. A similar problem was addressed with digital currency such as Bitcoin and Etherium.

On the blockchain, each group of transactions is hashed together, along with a hash of the previous block, and the entire blockchain would be publicly accessible.

Using a blockchain for digital voting could record both voter and candidate ID, as well as the time. The voter IDs are a public / private key pair, not traceable to a voter’s identity.

https://followmyvote.com/online-voting-technology/blockchain-technology/

Another application for blockchain technology is voting.

By casting votes as transactions, we can create a blockchain which keeps track of the tallies of the votes.

This way, everyone can agree on the final count because they can count the votes themselves, and because of the blockchain audit trail, they can verify that no votes were changed or removed, and no illegitimate votes were added.

https://www.thebalance.com/how-the-blockchain-will-change-how-we-vote-4012008

Among the startups that followed in an attempt to build upon the Blockchain to create a secure voting system was a Virginia-based company called FollowMyVote.

There is a common misconception that voting cannot be done online in a secure way.

https://www.economist.com/sites/default/files/plymouth.pdf

Security of digital voting is always the biggest concern when considering to implement a digital voting system.

With such monumental decisions at stake, there can be no doubt about the system’s ability to secure data and defend against potential attacks.

One way the security issues can be potentially solved is through the technology of blockchains.

 

Ø  Block Chain for Voting ?  ……………………..  11 March 2018

 

Extract :

Dear Shri Ravi Shankar Prasadji,

I urge you to consider incorporating this Block-Chain Technology in the following Mobile App proposed by me :

VotesApp  ….  18  Aug  2013 

This incorporation would be even better ( as far as transparency is concerned ) than the current method of V-VPAT in EVM  !

VotesApp will ensure that any voter can get to see ( proof ) of who ( which person ) he voted for , in which election ( Municipal or State or National ) and when – apart from ensuring “ No fake / invalid votes “ !

A complete history of his voting during lifetime – but, which he alone can access on his mobile through his biometrics !

Now imagine aggregation of the voting behaviour of 800 million voters at gross / macro level and totally anonymized – and accessible to anyone on EC’s web site  !

This could reveal following types of trends / analytics :

·         No of Votes

·         Percentage of voters

·         Vote share ( party wise )

·         State / Region wise

·         Gender wise

·         Vote swings / Anti Incumbency factors………. Etc


Such BIG DATA analytics might even make it possible to “ predict “ the future voting patterns !

With incorporation of Block-Chain ( into VotesApp ) , opposition will be left with no arguments to oppose SIMULTANEOUS ELECTIONS !

 

Ø  Americans call it “ Voatz “ ……………………….. 13 Aug 2018

 

Extract :

According to a CNN report published Monday, the state plans to let soldiers who are permanent residents of the state but are serving overseas vote via their smartphones using a blockchain voting app called  Voatz.  It will mark the first time U.S. citizens can vote via mobile app.

To use Voatz, soldiers will first need to prove they are who they claim to be. The registration process involves uploading a photo of their government-issued ID and a video of their face, taken like a selfie.

The app’s facial recognition software will look at both the photo and video to ensure they depict the same person.

{  On 15 Dec 2015 , I edited my VotesApp blog to add :

   “  Vote will get recorded only when that Voter takes a Selfie - which will get matched automatically , with his Aadhar Card photo  “  }

After this verification process, the soldiers will be all set to cast their vote. Once they do, the app anonymizes the ballots and records the votes on a blockchain, a secure digital ledger that’s nearly tamperproof.

West Virginia’s Secretary of State Mac Warner insists Voatz is secure. Historically, election security has been one of his top priorities — earlier this year, he secured $6.5 million in federal funding to spend on equipment, cybersecurity, and training to ensure the state’s elections are safe and secure.

West Virginia already tested Voatz in two counties during the primary elections, and several audits of the voting app revealed no issues. We’ll just have to wait to see if the same holds true in November. If it does, more governments could adopt blockchain-supported voting apps in the future.

 

Ø  Analysis Needed : Paralysis Avoided  ………………… 13  Sept 2020

 

Extract :

EC examines Remote Voting Option, sets up Tech Group 

     The group is expected to submit a ‘conceptual framework’ on ‘remote voting’ within the next two months

Dear Prof Rajat Moona

(director@iitbhilai.ac.in / moona@iitk.ac.in )

I urge your panel to debate my following suggestions before framing its final recommendations :

2012

VotesApp                                                      [ 18 Dec 2012 ]

2020

#   First Step to VotesApp ?                               [24 Jan 2020 ]

#  Slow and Steady ? Way Democracy Works      [ 12 Mar 2020 ]

 

2019

#  VVPAT ? How about EVBAT ?                           [ 28 Mar 2019 ]

#  Dark Side of Democracy                                 [ 08 Jan 2019 ]

 2018

#  Americans call it “ Voatz “                                [ 13 Aug 2018 ]

#  Where is the need ?                                         [ 05 Apr 2018 ]

#  Block Chain for Voting ?                                   [ 11 Mar 2018 ]

Thank You, Shri Ashwini Kumar Upadhyay          [ 19 Feb 2018 ]

Simultaneous Polling                                         [ 22 Jan 2018 ]

2017

Poll Reforms : Time for a Consensus                  [ 21 Aug 2017 ]

A Blue Print for VotesApp ?                               [ 25  Apr  2017 ]

Electoral Reforms Capsule : A Bitter Pill ?           [ 05  Feb  2017 ]

2016

Reforming Elections and Lok Sabha                    [ 20 Dec 2016 ]

#  One Nation , One Vote ?                                   [ 29 Nov 2016 ]

 

#  Filtering  Candidate  Information ?                     [18  Sept  2016 ]

#  One Poll  ,  One  Time                                       [ 06 Sept  2016 ]

#  Advantage  Incumbent  ?                                  [ 05  Sept  2016 ]

#   ROMP :  A Panacea ?                                        [ 06  Aug  2016 ]

#  The Greatest Reform ?                                       [ 12  June  2016 ]

#   One Day Polling is possible                                [31  Mar  2016 ]

 

2015

#  How  to  Save  Rs  5511  crore  ?                         [12  Dec  2015 ]

#  Honey ! I shrunk  the  EVM                                  [21  Oct  2015 ]

2014

#  All   Seasons  are  Election  Seasons                       [ 22 May 2014 ]

#  A  Software  Powerhouse  ?                                    [ 24  Apr  2014 ]

 Sun  Never  Sets                                                   [ 01  Apr 2014 ]

 

Ø  How about “ Sandbox for Mobile Voting “ ?  ………… 27 Nov 2020

 

Extract :

Dear Shri Narendrabhai,

Indian voters have been happily using electronic EVM for voting for many years now – without complaint. Nothing parallel exists anywhere in the World. We pioneered this process ( compare with what just happened in USA )

Even those few political parties which, at first, refused to accept EVM, have now no complaint about their efficacy

If we can convince the opposition that Mobile-based voting is,

Ø  Totally reliable and

Ø  The process cannot be tampered with,

      then there is a good chance that they will accept a Mobile-based Voting – which will pave the way for

      “ One Nation One Poll  /  Simultaneous Elections “

To convince the opposition what we need to do is a small trial – a small experiment – in a small bye-election – in a small constituency – having a small number of voters

An experiment where both of the following “ voting methods “ will be employed simultaneously :

Ø  Physical EVM based voting in a physical booth ( marking with indelible ink )

Ø  Mobile App based voting from voter’s home ( using biometric IDs of finger – iris- facial recognition of Selfie )

Voters will have following options :

Ø  Only vote from a polling booth

Ø  Only vote from home , using Mobile App

Ø  Use both methods , physical voting in booth, followed by Mobile voting from home

 Basis for declaring the Winner :

Ø  Only votes polled at physical booth will be considered for declaration of Winner

This assurance will get us the “ Buy-in “ of the Opposition to this experiment

 Then, what is the purpose of Mobile-based voting ?

Ø  It will enable us to compare the “ votes polled “ under each method

Ø  This analysis will tell us how many voters ( but not “Who “) , voted using which method

Ø  Time-series will tell us which method was used ( preferred ) at what time of the day

Ø  Did Mobile based votes were a result of people who otherwise could not have voted ( Lost Votes ) , being many kilometers away from their designated polling booth ?

Ø  If number of voters who used mobile was TWICE / THRICE the number of those who went to polling booth, then can we conclude that people hate trudging down to polling booth and spend hours standing in a queue ?

Ø  Do the Winner come out to be the same candidate, under both voting methods ? If yes, very assuring !

 How will we know if Voters who used Mobiles were not coerced / influenced by party workers ?

Ø  NaviC based GPS will tell us where precisely that mobile phone was exactly when vote was cast

Ø  It will also tell us ( Heat Map ? ) whether many other mobile phones were nearby at that moment ( eg: local office of political parties )

 How can we conduct such a small-scale experiment , without disturbing EVM-based voting ?

Ø  By creating ( what I call ) a “ Mobile Voting Sandbox 

 Any current example of such a controlled  “ Experimental set-up “ to gather evidence of efficacy of a method ?

Ø  Yes. The National Digital Health Mission has created such a SANDBOX

How does it work ?

Ø  Read : Accelerating Digital Health Innovation  /  Eco Times – 26 Nov 2020

Extract :

#  NDHM has created a “sandbox “that enables technologies or products to be tested in a contained

    Environment and duration – subject to NDHM standards and oversight – and judge the consumer and

    market reactions to the same

 

#  The sandbox will facilitate integration of current systems and IT platforms in healthcare with NDHM building

     blocks namely , Health ID, Doctors’ and Health Facility Registries, and Patient Health Records

#  At its core, the sandbox has been created with the objective to foster RESPONSIBLE INNOVATION in

    Health Tech Services, promote efficiency and bring benefit to consumers

    

#  The sandbox brings together healthcare and health tech service providers, centrally and state run public

    Health programmes , software providers, healthcare aggregators, tech companies to TEST and INTEGRATE

    their products and services with NDHM

     

#  The NDHM sandbox is founded on the idea that the government, private sector and citizen need to work

     together as partner to solve the problem of healthcare. It will enable “ learning by doing “ on all sides

===================================================================

What features should be built into the “ Mobile Voting Sandbox “ ?

Ø  Central Election Commission (  CEC )  to get the Mobile App developed and oversee its working

Ø  CEC to declare ( 2 months in advance ) date of Bye Election for a given constituency

Ø  Mobile App will work on that date only and between 8am – 6pm only

Ø  On that date, at 6pm. it will self-destruct automatically, even if not used

Ø  If used, App will self-destruct immediately after transmitting the data to the Central Server of CEC

Ø  Although a voter can vote once again from his Mobile AFTER he has already voted from physical booth, it will NOT be possible to do other way around ( ie:, he cannot first vote from mobile and then go to booth for voting ).

Ø  As soon as a voter has voted from booth, EVM will immediately transmit his vote ( candidate selected ) to the Central Server of CEC

Ø  Now , if he has voted for candidate XYZ ( belonging to BJP ) in booth, then after going home , he cannot vote ( select ) candidate LMJ ( belonging to Congress ) , from his Mobile App . If he does, Server / App will not let him click “ SUBMIT “ .

This is safeguard is essential to ensure that voters do not play mischief / confuse CEC, by voting for different candidates, using different voting methods ! Server will allow him to proceed ONLY if he selects the SAME candidate ( XYZ ) , on his Mobile App

      

Ø  A voter ( from the declared constituency ) can download the Mobile App ( only once ) , from the website of CEC , by filling in an online form where he will need to establish without doubt that , he is a genuine voter belonging to that particular constituency ( Voter ID – PAN – Aadhar – Sefie – Mobile No. etc ). Server will ensure that no one, other than a voter belonging to that particular constituency, will be able to download the App

Ø  Voting data generated using Mobile App , shall NOT be published till the CEC declares the Winner based on EVM based voting ( no exit pole – no prejudging – no confusion – no mischief ! )

Ø  However, once the Winner is declared , data from both methods of voting will be published on CEC website ( of course , without in any way, revealing the identity of any voter )

Ø  The entire METHODOLOGY of “ Mobile Voting Sandbox “, must be widely publicized on CEC website / other Govt websites / Social Media sites / News Papers / TV channels etc., in order to establish its TRANSPARENCY / RELIABILITY among general public and among political parties.

Ø  Govt may consider inviting comments / suggestions from public on CEC portal

Any suggestion re: conceptual frame-work for such a Mobile App ?

Ø  Yes. Please refer to my following email :   VotesApp ………18 Dec 2012 

 

With Regards,

Hemen Parekh

www.HemenParekh.ai  /  08 May 2024

 

Related Readings :

Reimagining democratic processes and the role of AI in modernizing voting systems.. ET.. 07 May 2024

 

Extract :

AI-powered voting systems, equipped with accessibility features such as voice-based interfaces and screen readers, ensure that individuals with disabilities can exercise their right to vote independently and securely.

 

Blockchain, RFID, other digital technologies can pave way for a counterfeit-free Indian economy / 08 May 2024

Extract :

 

Technologies for digital authentication are at the forefront of India's attempts to stop counterfeiting. These technologies, which range from online verification platforms and blockchain to smartphone applications and RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification), provide reliable means of confirming the legitimacy of goods and protecting supply chains.

 

Blockchain technology has great potential to build supply networks that are transparent and impervious to tampering. Stakeholders may track the origin of items and confirm their validity at every point of the supply chain by using blockchain to record product details and transaction data on a decentralised ledger.

 

Businesses in India are using blockchain technology more and more to authenticate their items, which lowers the possibility that fake goods will enter the market.