Tuesday, 30 May 2023

United Nations Agency for Regulating Artificial Intelligence ( UNARAI )

AI Regulation Framework – UNARAI

A. Past History of AI

The history of artificial intelligence (AI) can be traced back to the early days of computing, when Alan Turing first proposed the idea of a machine that could think like a human. In the decades that followed, AI research made significant progress, but it was not until the 1990s that AI began to be used in practical applications. The development of deep learning in the early 2010s led to a new wave of AI innovation, and today AI is being used in a wide range of fields, including healthcare, transportation, and finance.

B. Current Status of AI Industry

The AI industry is growing rapidly, and the global market for AI is expected to reach $190 billion by 2025. The United States is the leading market for AI, followed by China and Europe. The AI industry is dominated by a few large companies, including Google, Microsoft, and Amazon. However, there are also a number of smaller companies that are developing innovative AI technologies.

C. Major Players / Companies

The following are some of the major players in the AI industry:

· Google

· Microsoft

· Amazon

· IBM

· Baidu

· Alibaba

· Tencent

· Nvidia

· Intel

· OpenAI

These companies are developing a wide range of AI technologies, including natural language processing, machine learning, and computer vision. They are also using AI to develop new products and services, such as self-driving cars, virtual assistants, and fraud detection systems.

D. Future Outlook

The future of AI is bright. AI is expected to have a major impact on a wide range of industries, including healthcare, transportation, and finance. AI is also expected to create new jobs and opportunities.

E. Industries that will witness major disruption

The following industries are expected to witness major disruption from AI:

· Healthcare

· Transportation

· Finance

· Retail

· Manufacturing

· Education

· Customer service

· Security

AI is expected to automate many tasks in these industries, and it is also expected to create new products and services.

F. Jobs that might disappear

The following jobs are at risk of disappearing due to AI:

· Data entry clerks

· Customer service representatives

· Truck drivers

· Factory workers

· Insurance agents

· Loan officers

· Lawyers

· Doctors

· Teachers

AI is not going to disappear all of these jobs, but it is likely to automate many of them. This means that people who work in these jobs will need to retrain for new jobs that are not at risk of being automated.

G. Potential for Benefitting Humanity

AI has the potential to benefit humanity in a number of ways, including:

· Improving healthcare

· Reducing traffic congestion

· Preventing fraud

· Personalizing education

· Making customer service more efficient

· Improving security

AI is still in its early stages of development, but it has the potential to make a major positive impact on the world.

H. Potential for Harming Humanity

AI also has the potential to harm humanity in a number of ways, including:

· Creating mass unemployment

· Increasing inequality

· Being used for military purposes

· Being used for surveillance

· Being used to spread misinformation

It is important to be aware of the potential risks of AI, and to develop policies and regulations that will mitigate these risks.

I. Conceptual Framework for UNARAI

UNARAI, or the United Nations Agency for Regulating Artificial Intelligence, is a proposed international organization that would be responsible for regulating AI. UNARAI would be composed of representatives from all member states of the United Nations, and it would have the authority to develop and enforce regulations on the development, use, and sale of AI technologies.

UNARAI would be guided by a set of principles that would be designed to promote the safe and responsible development of AI. These principles would include:

· The principle of human control: AI technologies should be developed and used in a way that respects human autonomy and control.

· The principle of non-discrimination: AI technologies should not be used to discriminate against individuals or groups of people.

· The principle of transparency: AI technologies should be transparent and accountable to the public.

· The principle of safety: AI technologies should be safe and secure, and they should not pose a threat to human safety or security.

UNARAI would have a number of tools at its disposal to regulate AI. These tools would include:

· Regulations: UNARAI would be able to develop and enforce regulations on the development, use, and sale of AI technologies.

· Standards: UNARAI would be able to develop and promote standards for the development and use of AI technologies.

Initiative	EU	USA	India
Artificial Intelligence Act	In progress	In progress	In early stages
National Artificial Intelligence Initiative	In progress	In progress	No national initiative
State AI regulations	Some states have passed AI regulations	Some states have passed AI regulations	No state AI regulations
Private sector initiatives	Some companies have developed their own AI ethics guidelines	Some companies have developed their own AI ethics guidelines	No major private sector initiatives

As you can see, all three regions are still in the early stages of developing AI regulation. However, there is a growing recognition of the need for regulation to ensure the ethical and responsible development and use of AI.

Here are some additional details about each initiative:

· The EU's Artificial Intelligence Act is a comprehensive piece of legislation that would regulate the development and use of AI in a variety of sectors, including healthcare, finance, and transportation. The Act would establish a risk-based approach to regulation, with different requirements for high-risk, medium-risk, and low-risk AI systems.

· The US National Artificial Intelligence Initiative is a government-led effort to promote the responsible development and use of AI. The Initiative includes a number of initiatives, such as the creation of a National AI Research and Development Strategic Plan and the establishment of a National AI Advisory Committee.

· India does not have a national AI regulation initiative, but there are a number of state-level initiatives. For example, the state of Maharashtra has passed an AI ethics bill that requires companies to develop and implement AI ethics guidelines.

It is still too early to say what the impact of these initiatives will be. However, they are a sign of the growing recognition of the need for regulation to ensure the ethical and responsible development and use of AI.

Here is the comparative tabulation of the UNARAI framework prepared by BARD and by ChatGPT,:

Parameters	BARD	ChatGPT
A. Mandate	To promote the responsible development and use of AI, and to protect the rights and interests of individuals and society.	To regulate the development and use of AI, and to ensure that AI is used for good and not for harm.
B. Structure	A global governing body with a board of directors, a secretariat, and a technical advisory committee.	A multi-stakeholder organization with representatives from governments, businesses, civil society, and academia.
C. Key principles	Human rights, fairness, accountability, transparency, and safety.	Safety, fairness, transparency, accountability, and non-discrimination.
D. Scope	All AI systems that have the potential to harm individuals or society.	All AI systems that are used in public or commercial settings.
E. Enforcement	The power to investigate and sanction AI systems that violate its regulations.	Enforcement would be handled by national governments.
F. Funding	Contributions from member states.	A combination of government contributions and private donations.
G. Timeline	Expected to be operational within five years.	Expected to be operational within ten years.
H. Public engagement	Engagement with the public to ensure that its regulations are responsive to the needs of society.	Engagement with the public to ensure that its regulations are responsive to the needs of society.
I. Research and development	Support for research and development in AI to ensure that the technology is used for good and not for harm.	Support for research and development in AI to ensure that the technology is used for good and not for harm.
J. Education and training	Support for education and training programs to help people understand AI and its potential impact on society.	Support for education and training programs to help people understand AI and its potential impact on society.
K. International cooperation	Work with other international organizations to ensure that AI is regulated in a consistent and coordinated manner.	Work with other international organizations to ensure that AI is regulated in a consistent and coordinated manner.

Footnotes

· The ChatGPT framework is based on the EU proposed AI Act, the US initiative for AI regulation, and India's Digital India Bill.

Comments

· The ChatGPT framework is more focused on safety, as it includes specific provisions for preventing AI systems from being used for harm.

· Both frameworks are still in development, and it is likely that they will evolve over time as AI technologies continue to develop.

Sources used for developing UNARAI framework :

( 1 ) ….. World Wide Work Federation

http://www.hemenparekh.in/2015/06/world-wide-work-w3f.html

( 2 ) …. Parekh’s Law of Chatbots

https://myblogepage.blogspot.com/2023/02/parekhs-law-of- chatbots.html

( 3 ) …….Fast Forward to Future

https://myblogepage.blogspot.com/2016/10/fast-forward-to-future-3-f.html

( 4 ) …….FakeNews ? An Obsolete Concept ?

https://myblogepage.blogspot.com/2018/04/fakenews-obsolete-concept.html

( 5 ) ………… An “ Act of Defiance “ ?

https://myblogepage.blogspot.com/2021/05/an-act-of-defiance.html

( 6 ) …….. Regulating AI : Echoes are Reverberating

https://myblogepage.blogspot.com/2023/03/regulating-ai-echoes-are-reverberating.html

( 7 ) ………. Thank You, Ashwini Vaishnawji

https://myblogepage.blogspot.com/2023/04/thank-you-ashwini-vaishnawji.html

( 8 ) …… ChatGPT : the Sacrificial Goat ?

https://myblogepage.blogspot.com/2023/04/chatgpt-sacrificial-goat.html

( 9 ) …… Thanks Rajeevji : for Giving Glimpse of Guardrails ( 3G of AI )

https://myblogepage.blogspot.com/2023/05/thanks-rajeevji-for-giving-glimpse-of.html

( 10 ) ……This is not the END – this where you START

https://myblogepage.blogspot.com/2023/05/this-is-not-end-this-where-you-start.html

( 11 ) …..Law of Chatbot : a small subset of EU Law of AI ?

https://myblogepage.blogspot.com/2023/05/law-of-chatbot-small-subset-of-eu-law.html

( 12 ) ….. From Musk to Monk ?

https://myblogepage.blogspot.com/2023/04/from-musk-to-monk.html

( 13 ) ….. ChatGPT : Mobile App Maker ?

https://myblogepage.blogspot.com/2023/04/chatgpt-mobile-app-maker.html

( 14 ) …. Sam Altman : Man on a Mission

https://myblogepage.blogspot.com/2023/04/sam-altman-man-on-mission.html

( 15 ) ….. AI – the new WMD ? History repeats itself

https://myblogepage.blogspot.com/2023/04/ai-new-wmd-history-repeats-itself.html

( 16 ) ….. Shaking up an Industry

https://myblogepage.blogspot.com/2023/03/shaking-up-industry.html

( 17 )….. Sundar Pichai – a million thanks

https://myblogepage.blogspot.com/2023/03/sundar-pichai-million-thanks.html

( 18 ) ……. Meta mirrors Parekh’s Law of Chatbots

https://myblogepage.blogspot.com/2023/03/meta-mirrors-parekhs-law-of-chatbots.html

( 19 ) …. Chatbots : the GOOD , the BAD and the UGLY

https://myblogepage.blogspot.com/2023/03/chatbots-good-bad-and-ugly.html

( 20 ) … My “ Law of Chatbots “ – Vindicated

https://myblogepage.blogspot.com/2023/03/my-law-of-chatbots-vindicated.html

( 21 ) …. Mr Harari , You are right

https://myblogepage.blogspot.com/2023/02/mr-harari-you-are-right.html

( 22 ) ….. Salaam , ChatGPT

https://myblogepage.blogspot.com/2023/02/salaam-chatgpt.html

( 23 ) …. My 34 Blogs on ChatBots

https://myblogepage.blogspot.com/2023/03/my-blogs-on-chatbots-as-of-10-mar-2023.html

Thursday, 25 May 2023

Kardinia - a warm / sunny Welcome

Dear Anthony Letmon,

I was absolutely thrilled to read your following post on Linkedin yesterday :

“ It was a pleasure to meet with Rajesh Kumar Singh, ( secy-ipp@nic.in ) Secretary of the Department for Promotion of Industry and International Trade for India and the broader delegation to discuss how Kardinia Energy and Printed Solar can provide low-cost and highly scalable solar energy, potentially creating thousands of local jobs. [ info@kardiniaenergy.com ]

With follow-up actions discussed combined with considerable interest already from dozens of companies across India, we look forward to working through a strategy towards the scale-up of operations in India.

Thank you to Irfan Malik (MAICD) and the Australia India Business Council for facilitating this meeting.

My Comment :

In Feb 2022, I sent following e-mail to Indian Cabinet Ministers and

> Mr Harsh Shringla ( Foreign Secretary / psfs@mea.gov.in ) :

Procuring Technology for “ Printed Solar Film “

https://myblogepage.blogspot.com/2022/02/procuring-technology-for-printed-solar.html

In this mail I urged him to enter into a discussion with KARDINIA for bringing this tech to India

This email was a follow-up of my following earlier e-mail to India Minister for MNRE , Shri R K Singh :

Topmost Candidate for PLI ? ..... 19 Jan 2022

https://myblogepage.blogspot.com/2022/01/topmost-candidate-for-pli.html

where I wrote :

Dear Shri R K Singhji ,

Your Ministry has introduced Production Linked Incentive Scheme for manufacture of conventional ( Mo-Si ), Solar PV panels / modules

I urge you to :

# Consider extending this scheme to Organic Printed Solar Film, described below

# Invite Prof Paul Dastoor to set up in India, a manufacturing facility with a

capacity to produce 100 million Sq Meter per year

[@10 Sq Meter per concrete / pucca building for 10 million buildings ]

This facility will supply all of our 30 million concrete / pucca buildings, with enough film in 3 years

I even took the liberty to copy this e-mail to :

Shri Mukesh Ambani ( mukesh.ambani@ril.com )

Smt Isha Ambani ( isha@ril.com )

Shri Gautam Adani (Gautam.Adani@adani.in )

Shri Karan Adani (chandan.lakhwani@adani.com / karan.adani@adani.in )

Anthony,

I quite understand that, at this stage , you may not be in a position to reveal the names of the Indian Companies , with whom , Kardinia is discussing possible collaboration

It hardly matters to me or to millions of “ power – starved “ Indians , for whom , Roof Top Solar Panels , does not appear to be a viable option

To enable my fellow countrymen , I consulted Google’s BARD AI , and reproduce below what it said about Printed Solar Films Vs PV Solar Panels :

The business prospects for Printed Solar Film of Kardinia Energy (Australia) in India are very promising.

India is a large and growing market for solar energy, and the demand for solar panels is expected to continue to grow in the coming years.

Printed solar films offer a number of advantages over traditional solar panels, including:

· Lower cost:

Printed solar films are significantly cheaper to manufacture than traditional solar panels. This is due to the fact that they are made from plastic, which is a relatively inexpensive material.

· Lightweight:

Printed solar films are much lighter than traditional solar panels. This makes them easier to transport and install, and it also reduces the amount of stress on the roof or other structure where they are installed.

· Flexible:

Printed solar films are flexible, which makes them ideal for a variety of applications, such as roofing, building facades, and even vehicles.

· Durable:

Printed solar films are very durable and can withstand harsh weather conditions. This makes them a good choice for areas with high winds, rain, or snow.

In addition to these advantages, printed solar films are also more environmentally friendly than traditional solar panels. This is because they do not contain any hazardous materials, and they can be recycled at the end of their lifespan.

Based on these factors, it is clear that printed solar films have a bright future in India. The market for solar energy is growing rapidly, and the advantages of printed solar films make them a very attractive option for businesses and homeowners.

Here is a table that compares the features of PV solar panels with printed plastic solar films:

Feature	PV Solar Panels	Printed Plastic Solar Films
Cost	More expensive	Less expensive
Weight	Heavier	Lighter
Flexibility	Not flexible	Flexible
Durability	Less durable	More durable
Environmental impact	Less environmentally friendly	More environmentally friendly

Anthony,

Would you like to add anything else in the following tabulation ? Make any corrections ?

Feature	PV Solar Panels	Printed Plastic Solar Films
Cost per kWh	$0.15-$0.25	$0.05-$0.10
Weight per square foot	10 kg	2 kg
Flexibility	Not flexible	Flexible
Durability	Less durable	More durable
Environmental impact	Less environmentally friendly	More environmentally friendly
Square feet required to generate 10 kWh	200 square feet	100 square feet

As you can see, printed plastic solar films are significantly cheaper and lighter than traditional PV solar panels. They are also more flexible and durable.

The only downside is that they are not as efficient at converting sunlight into electricity. However, this is likely to improve in the future as the technology continues to develop.

With regards,

Hemen Parekh

www.hemenparekh.ai / 26 May 2023