Hi Friends,

Even as I launch this today ( my 80th Birthday ), I realize that there is yet so much to say and do. There is just no time to look back, no time to wonder,"Will anyone read these pages?"

With regards,
Hemen Parekh
27 June 2013

Now as I approach my 90th birthday ( 27 June 2023 ) , I invite you to visit my Digital Avatar ( www.hemenparekh.ai ) – and continue chatting with me , even when I am no more here physically

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Sunday, 1 March 2026

Decades in Weeks

Decades in Weeks

The sensation

Lately I find myself waking up with a line from a sci‑fi movie stuck in my head: the future has speeded up. Entire industries, norms and value systems that I expected would evolve over decades seem to compress into weeks. It feels less like a steady arrow of progress and more like sudden tectonic shifts — one after another — that demand quick moral and practical responses.

This is not just a rhetorical flourish. Over the years I have written about fast‑forward futures and the risks that rapid tech convergence brings: see my reflections on Fast Forward to Future (3 F) and why AI can feel like a new weapon in history’s hands Fast Forward to Future (3 F) and AI - New WMD? History Repeats Itself. More recently I reflected on how platform shifts force incumbents to re‑invent themselves Time for Google to Re‑invent itself ?.

Those essays tried to capture a simple truth: the pace of change is not uniform. It is spiky, convergent and often multiplicative.


Why “decades happening in weeks” now?

A few forces collide to create this sensation:

  • Convergence of technologies: when AI, cloud compute, genomics, sensors and networks combine, their effects multiply rather than add. Small advances in one domain unlock large leaps in others.
  • Capital velocity and distribution: more money moves faster into risky bets; startups and labs can ship powerful systems to millions within days.
  • Networked social amplification: ideas, norms and market preferences travel globally in real time. A meme, product or regulation that lands in one market ripples everywhere.
  • Short loop feedback: rapid deployment + real‑time telemetry lets teams iterate at previously impossible speed — which creates cascades of expectations and imitation.
  • Regulatory lag and moral uncertainty: laws, norms and institutions were built for slower change. When they fail to catch up, society is forced into ad‑hoc responses.

Put these together and incremental technical progress becomes sudden social impact. That’s the “decades in weeks” moment.


What this looks like (concrete examples)

  • A new generative model released to developers spawns whole product categories within weeks rather than years.
  • A biotech method demonstrated in a lab can be widely reproduced faster because of open protocols and low‑cost reagents — shifting safety and governance questions from theoretical to urgent.
  • A platform policy change (or a moderation failure) triggers a global debate, regulatory attention, and new business models almost overnight.

I’ve tracked many of these patterns across my blogs: the rise of chat assistants reshaping search and advice, and the hard questions about safety and governance that follow Time for Google to Re‑invent itself ?.


How I try to think about it (a mental toolbox)

I use three simple lenses when the world accelerates:

  1. Optionality first — small, reversible bets win
  • When the future is uncertain and fast, prefer options you can scale up or exit quickly.
  • Prototype, measure, kill quickly if the data says so.
  1. Build for resilience, not prediction
  • You can’t reliably predict which spike will matter. Design systems and teams that survive multiple plausible futures.
  • Diversify talent, vendors, and supply chains.
  1. Stewardship and norms matter as much as capability
  • Powerful tools without stewardship cause harm fast. Build guardrails, internal red teams, and cross‑sector coordination before you need them.

Practical actions — for individuals, teams and leaders

For individuals

  • Learn fluent curiosity: follow signals across domains (tech, policy, culture). Small, daily learning beats occasional bursts.
  • Build human skills that machines cannot cheaply replicate: judgment, context‑sensitive coordination, ethics, and cross‑disciplinary synthesis.

For product teams and founders

  • Ship with monitoring and kill‑switches. Observe real users and treat early deployment as a public experiment.
  • Run adversarial and safety tests. Invite independent auditors.
  • Design pricing, privacy and governance with the worst‑case cascade in mind.

For leaders and policymakers

  • Create regulatory sandboxes and rapid review paths — so innovation can be tested under supervision rather than in the public square alone.
  • Invest in public literacy and fast, transparent channels for incident reporting and response.
  • Encourage cross‑industry coalitions to set norms and incident playbooks.

The mood I hold: urgent curiosity with humility

I feel two things at once: a thrill at what human creativity can accomplish and a sober recognition of responsibility. When decades can feel compressed into weeks, we have less time to learn from mistakes. That makes early humility, rigorous testing and collective governance not optional — they are essential.

This theme threads through many of my earlier posts, where I urged both excitement and caution as new capabilities emerge Fast Forward to Future (3 F) and AI - New WMD? History Repeats Itself.


If you’re feeling dizzy, steadiness helps: slow down decisions where you can, increase monitoring where you must move fast, and seek diverse perspectives before you lock a course.

I’ll keep writing and listening — because the faster the world moves, the more we need careful reflection.


Regards,
Hemen Parekh


Any questions / doubts / clarifications regarding this blog? Just ask (by typing or talking) my Virtual Avatar on the website embedded below. Then "Share" that to your friend on WhatsApp.

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Hello Candidates :

  • For UPSC – IAS – IPS – IFS etc., exams, you must prepare to answer, essay type questions which test your General Knowledge / Sensitivity of current events
  • If you have read this blog carefully , you should be able to answer the following question:
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  • Need help ? No problem . Following are two AI AGENTS where we have PRE-LOADED this question in their respective Question Boxes . All that you have to do is just click SUBMIT
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SC Stay on Nava Kerala

SC Stay on Nava Kerala

SC Stay on Nava Kerala

Brief summary

The Supreme Court has stayed a Kerala High Court order that had quashed the State Government’s "Nava Kerala" household survey and restrained the exercise. The stay allows the state to proceed with the survey for the moment, while the Court has issued notice and directed the state to file a report detailing the expenditure incurred (reported allocation: ₹20 crore). For contemporaneous reporting and the order details, see Bar & Bench.[1]

Background

The survey—launched by government order in October 2025 as a citizen feedback and outreach exercise—was challenged in the Kerala High Court by public interest petitions. The High Court concluded that the programme resembled an official publicity campaign prior to elections, and that the allocation and use of public funds lacked required financial sanction. It therefore set aside the government order and restrained further implementation. The State appealed to the Supreme Court; the top court granted an interim stay on the High Court order while issuing notice on the appeal and asking for expenditure details.

Legal issues

Several legal tensions are in play:

  • Separation of powers and judicial review: the High Court intervened on the procedural irregularities around fund allocation; the Supreme Court’s stay signals a balancing exercise between judicial oversight and executive prerogative in policy/administrative matters.

  • Financial propriety and sanction: courts have repeatedly emphasised that public expenditure must conform to budgetary rules and financial procedure; the High Court relied on this principle when quashing the order. The Supreme Court’s demand for an expenditure report reflects that same concern, even as it permits implementation for now.

  • Timing and electoral fairness: the petitions argued the survey could become a state-funded political exercise during an electoral window. This raises questions about the permissible use of official outreach close to elections and the role of model code safeguards.

Privacy concerns

Beyond constitutional and fiscal questions, data-protection issues are central. Door-to-door exercises that collect household-level feedback can capture sensitive, personally identifiable information without a statutory data-governance framework. Key risks include:

  • Over-collection: extensive question sets can gather more data than necessary.
  • Weak consent mechanisms: citizens approached by volunteers may not be given informed choice on use and retention of their information.
  • Re-identification and downstream use: aggregated records can be cross-referenced and exploited for administrative or political targeting.

I have written earlier about the principles that should guide public data collection—data minimization, informed consent, and controller accountability—and those frameworks are directly relevant here.[2]

Practical safeguards (what I would expect to see)

If such surveys are to proceed responsibly, these safeguards ought to be mandatory:

  • Statutory or executive clarity: clear legal/administrative sanction for the programme and explicit budgetary approval recorded in the budget.
  • Minimal data collection: questions limited strictly to programme evaluation objectives; avoid sensitive personal identifiers where possible.
  • Informed consent and transparency: public notice about purpose, retention period, data controller, and redress mechanisms.
  • Independent audit and cost disclosure: a public audit trail of how funds were used and a third‑party privacy / audit report accessible to the public.
  • Data governance and retention limits: anonymisation standards, limited retention, and prohibition on leveraging data for electoral purposes.

These are pragmatic steps that protect both citizens and legitimate administrative goals.

Short closing note

The immediate stay by the Supreme Court restores operational room for the State, but it does not resolve the underlying legal and ethical questions. The case now invites a careful scrutiny of how democracies collect feedback without trading away procedural fairness, fiscal discipline, or citizen privacy. My hope is that the litigation produces clear prescriptions: governments should be able to learn from citizens, but only within transparent, lawful, and privacy-respecting guardrails.


Regards,
Hemen Parekh


Any questions / doubts / clarifications regarding this blog? Just ask (by typing or talking) my Virtual Avatar on the website embedded below. Then "Share" that to your friend on WhatsApp.

[1] Bar & Bench: Supreme Court stays Kerala High Court order quashing State's Nava Kerala Citizen Response Program — https://www.barandbench.com/news/supreme-court-stays-kerala-high-court-order-quashing-states-nava-kerala-citizen-response-program

[2] My earlier piece on data protection principles and commentary: http://myblogepage.blogspot.com/2017/11/dataprotection-srikrishnacommittee.html

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Hello Candidates :

  • For UPSC – IAS – IPS – IFS etc., exams, you must prepare to answer, essay type questions which test your General Knowledge / Sensitivity of current events
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"What legal and privacy safeguards should a state implement before launching a large-scale household survey funded by public money?"
  • Need help ? No problem . Following are two AI AGENTS where we have PRE-LOADED this question in their respective Question Boxes . All that you have to do is just click SUBMIT
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Maharashtra's Storage Push

Maharashtra's Storage Push

Why I’m Encouraged by Maharashtra’s New Policy

The state cabinet’s recent decision to clear a policy that explicitly supports storage-friendly renewable energy feels like a hinge moment. According to the Hindustan Times, Maharashtra has passed the Maharashtra Renewable Energy and Energy Storage Policy 2025–2035, with targets and incentives meant to make renewable energy more reliable by design rather than by hope State cabinet clears policy on storage-friendly renewable energy.

I’ve written before about the perishable nature of renewable energy and the urgent need to pair generation with storage so that daylight becomes usable electricity at night and wind power becomes dependable when demand spikes Green Energy Storage : Preserving a Perishable. This policy is the kind of public signal we’ve been waiting for.

What the policy promises (quick facts)

  • A clear, multi-year target orientation: the presentation to the cabinet sets ambitious goals — increasing renewable share and integrating storage to firm that generation for consumers and industry State cabinet clears policy on storage-friendly renewable energy.
  • Financial support and incentives: the state plans budgetary help over a decade to catalyse private investment and manufacturing links.
  • Storage focus: Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) provisions — including incentives for projects that can provide several hours of discharge — to shift midday solar to evening demand.
  • Land and industrial measures: Renewable Energy Industrial Zones (REIZs) and land-allotment mechanisms to cluster investment and logistics.
  • Consumer choices and tariffs: special tariff categories and options for commercial and industrial consumers who want 100% renewable supply backed by storage.

These are important because policy rarely succeeds as mere rhetoric; success needs targets, finance, land, and market design that lets consumers and MSMEs participate.

Why this matters beyond the headlines

  1. Storage changes the conversation from intermittency to dispatchability. Instead of asking whether solar or wind will be available at a given moment, we start planning for when that electricity is needed and how to deliver it.

  2. Industrial competitiveness: manufacturers and MSMEs need predictable power. A storage-backed renewable tariff gives them certainty without reverting to fossil-fuel backups.

  3. Grid resilience and affordability: when storage is used smartly, it reduces peak strain, avoids expensive emergency procurement, and creates opportunities for local value — from manufacturing battery packs to operating virtual power plants.

  4. Policy-signal effect: when a large state designs integrated storage incentives, financiers and global manufacturers take notice. It reduces perceived regulatory risk and attracts longer-term capital.

The debts we must still pay

A policy is the beginning, not the harvest. I’ll watch for how the state addresses these execution challenges:

  • Financing detail: headline budgetary numbers are good; clarity on how public funds are blended with private capital and viability gap funding will determine pace.
  • Procurement design: are tenders technology-neutral? Will long-duration storage options (hours to days) be supported alongside lithium-ion batteries?
  • Land-use and community engagement: REIZs must respect local ecosystems and livelihoods; social consent matters.
  • Market rules and value stacking: storage needs to be paid for the multiple services it provides — energy shifting, ancillary services, capacity — so revenue stacking mechanisms are essential.
  • Equity and access: rooftop and behind-the-meter storage for households and small businesses should not be an afterthought.

What I’d like to see next

  • Transparent tenders that allow diverse storage technologies, including long-duration options.
  • Clear viability gap or co-financing lines for early projects to shorten the learning curve and reduce financing costs.
  • Programs to help MSMEs procure shared storage or subscribe to firm renewable supplies.
  • Integration of storage targets into distribution-level planning so utilities can plan investments and avoid stranded assets.

A personal ask to policymakers and builders

If we are serious about firm, affordable, and clean power, we must make storage an integral part of our plans — not a separate line item. This means designing procurement, tariffs, and industrial policy in ways that send consistent price and operational signals to developers, utilities, and consumers.

I’ve argued earlier that viability gap funding and public support can kickstart a domestic storage market; now the policy gives a frame. The pressing work is to convert that frame into transparent, competitive, and inclusive programs that mobilise both capital and communities Green Energy Storage : Preserving a Perishable.

If Maharashtra gets this right, it won’t just increase renewable capacity — it will model how to turn intermittent energy into reliable, economic power for people and industry.


Regards,
Hemen Parekh


Any questions / doubts / clarifications regarding this blog? Just ask (by typing or talking) my Virtual Avatar on the website embedded below. Then "Share" that to your friend on WhatsApp.

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Hello Candidates :

  • For UPSC – IAS – IPS – IFS etc., exams, you must prepare to answer, essay type questions which test your General Knowledge / Sensitivity of current events
  • If you have read this blog carefully , you should be able to answer the following question:
"What are the main differences between short-duration battery storage and long-duration energy storage, and why do both matter for integrating renewable energy into the grid?"
  • Need help ? No problem . Following are two AI AGENTS where we have PRE-LOADED this question in their respective Question Boxes . All that you have to do is just click SUBMIT
    1. www.HemenParekh.ai { a SLM , powered by my own Digital Content of more than 50,000 + documents, written by me over past 60 years of my professional career }
    2. www.IndiaAGI.ai { a consortium of 3 LLMs which debate and deliver a CONSENSUS answer – and each gives its own answer as well ! }
  • It is up to you to decide which answer is more comprehensive / nuanced ( For sheer amazement, click both SUBMIT buttons quickly, one after another ) Then share any answer with yourself / your friends ( using WhatsApp / Email ). Nothing stops you from submitting ( just copy / paste from your resource ), all those questions from last year’s UPSC exam paper as well !
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Zero-Emission Tag at Risk

Zero-Emission Tag at Risk

I write often about cars and energy because the two are now inseparable. Today I want to explain why a regulatory shift called “CAFE III” may strip battery electric vehicles (EVs) of their formal “zero-emission” label — what that means, who pushed for it, and what drivers should watch for.

What is the CAFE III proposal?

CAFE (Corporate Average Fuel Economy) is the U.S. program that sets fleetwide fuel-economy targets for automakers. The current debate centers on a major recalibration proposed in late 2025 — often described in coverage of the Safer Affordable Fuel-Efficient (SAFE) Vehicles Rule III (sometimes referred to in shorthand as CAFE III). The proposal would relax fleet fuel-economy requirements for model years spanning the 2020s and change assumptions the agency uses when setting baselines and targets DLA Piper, Dec 2025.

A critical technical shift in the proposal: the agencies are debating whether “zero-­emission” should mean only tailpipe emissions (what comes out of the car’s tailpipe) or a broader lifecycle measure that includes upstream electricity generation, battery manufacturing and recycling, and other upstream (“well‑to‑wheel”) emissions.

How might the EPA redefine “zero‑emission”?

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has signaled a willingness to reconsider earlier assumptions. Under one path, the agency would retain the current, technology‑based definition (battery and fuel‑cell vehicles = zero tailpipe emissions). Under another, it would explicitly incorporate:

  • Lifecycle emissions: greenhouse gases and pollutants from mining, battery production, manufacturing, and end‑of‑life processing.
  • Upstream power‑plant emissions: CO2 and local pollutants associated with the generation mix that charges EVs.
  • Grid charging behavior: where and when EVs charge — charging on a coal‑heavy grid at peak times yields a different footprint than charging on a renewables‑rich grid overnight.

Those questions have been part of public debate since EPA’s 2024 tailpipe and Multi‑Pollutant rules and re‑surfaced during the 2025 reconsideration steps and industry comments EPA multi‑pollutant and NHTSA/EPA actions, 2023–2025; Alliance for Automotive Innovation comments, Sep 2025.

Why regulators are considering this change

  • Grid emissions: In regions where electricity still depends heavily on coal, charging an EV can shift emissions upstream to power plants. Regulators worry labels that ignore that reality may mislead consumers.
  • Equity and local air quality: Some policymakers argue emissions should reflect who bears pollution burdens (e.g., communities near power plants or battery factories).
  • Industry lobbying: Automakers and suppliers have urged a technology‑neutral, lifecycle approach — partly to avoid rules that functionally require fleet electrification. Industry groups argued this in comments in 2025 after EPA’s earlier rules [industry filings, 2025].
  • Technological neutrality: Some regulators frame lifecycle accounting as a way to compare EVs, advanced ­hybrids, synthetic fuels and fuel‑cell vehicles on the same basis.

What losing the “zero‑emission” label would mean

  • Consumer perception: The simple shorthand — “an EV = zero emissions” — would become more complicated. Labels that once reassured buyers could create confusion and erode confidence.
  • Incentives and tax credits: Federal and state purchase incentives often target “zero‑emission” vehicles. A new definition could change eligibility or push states to rewrite ZEV (Zero Emission Vehicle) mandates.
  • State ZEV mandates: California’s program and states that follow it rely on the zero‑emission concept to drive automaker compliance. A federal redefinition could complicate that compliance pathway or invite legal challenges.
  • Automaker strategy and investment: If lifecycle accounting downplays the advantage of EVs in some markets, automakers may slow EV investments or diversify into hybrids, e‑fuel research, and hydrogen.
  • Charging infrastructure: Incentives to build fast chargers and green‑charging programs could be altered if regulators place more emphasis on where energy comes from.

Viewpoints from different stakeholders

  • EPA (regulatory view): Seeks to ensure labels and standards reflect overall environmental outcomes and address local and upstream impacts.
  • Automakers / industry groups: Many urge lifecycle and technology‑neutral rules to preserve flexibility and avoid de facto mandates; they argue feasibility concerns for meeting aggressive fleet targets without alternatives [industry comments, 2025].
  • Environmental groups: Some worry that relaxing the zero‑emission stance undermines the rapid decarbonization imperative; others welcome lifecycle rigor if it pushes grids to decarbonize faster.
  • EV advocates: Fear a semantic change could chill consumer demand and investment in charging networks at a critical growth phase.
  • Utilities: See opportunity — lifecycle rules place more focus on grid decarbonization and managed charging programs.

What consumers should watch for

  • Incentives and labeling: Watch federal and state guidance on which vehicles qualify for tax credits, rebates or carpool lane access.
  • New window‑stickers: Agencies may update window labels to show lifecycle greenhouse‑gas intensity, charging‑source guidance, or a simple “score.”
  • Total cost of ownership (TCO): Continue to compare TCO — fuel/energy, maintenance, incentives, resale value — not just sticker claims.
  • Charging sources: If possible, use utilities’ green‑tariff programs or time‑of‑use plans and seek renewable charging to reduce your personal lifecycle footprint.

I’ve written about the EV‑grid intersection before; the framing today builds on earlier posts where I flagged the importance of charging sources and lifecycle thinking [“Battle of Electric Vehicles,” my past post].(http://mylinkedinposting.blogspot.com/2024/09/battle-of-electric-vehicles.html)

Conclusion — practical advice

Regulators are rightly wrestling with complexity. A shift in definition would reflect real environmental tradeoffs — but it also risks muddying a simple message that helped spur EV adoption. For now, consumers should:

  • Track incentive changes in your state and at the federal level.
  • Compare total cost of ownership (not just tailpipe claims).
  • Prefer charging from cleaner grids or via renewable tariffs when available.
  • Watch labels: expect more detailed lifecycle or grid‑source information on window stickers and dealer materials.

Regulation is changing; good consumer choices will rely on clearer information and a focus on real costs and real emissions.


Regards,
Hemen Parekh


Any questions / doubts / clarifications regarding this blog? Just ask (by typing or talking) my Virtual Avatar on the website embedded below. Then "Share" that to your friend on WhatsApp.

Get correct answer to any question asked by Shri Amitabh Bachchan on Kaun Banega Crorepati, faster than any contestant


Hello Candidates :

  • For UPSC – IAS – IPS – IFS etc., exams, you must prepare to answer, essay type questions which test your General Knowledge / Sensitivity of current events
  • If you have read this blog carefully , you should be able to answer the following question:
"How do lifecycle (well‑to‑wheel) emissions for electric vehicles compare with internal combustion vehicles in regions with different grid mixes?"
  • Need help ? No problem . Following are two AI AGENTS where we have PRE-LOADED this question in their respective Question Boxes . All that you have to do is just click SUBMIT
    1. www.HemenParekh.ai { a SLM , powered by my own Digital Content of more than 50,000 + documents, written by me over past 60 years of my professional career }
    2. www.IndiaAGI.ai { a consortium of 3 LLMs which debate and deliver a CONSENSUS answer – and each gives its own answer as well ! }
  • It is up to you to decide which answer is more comprehensive / nuanced ( For sheer amazement, click both SUBMIT buttons quickly, one after another ) Then share any answer with yourself / your friends ( using WhatsApp / Email ). Nothing stops you from submitting ( just copy / paste from your resource ), all those questions from last year’s UPSC exam paper as well !
  • May be there are other online resources which too provide you answers to UPSC “ General Knowledge “ questions but only I provide you in 26 languages !




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Ladki Effect: Steer Clear

Ladki Effect: Steer Clear

Ladki effect: State to steer clear of sops

I have been watching the latest debates about targeted welfare promises — the so-called "ladki" schemes and other gender-focused sops — with a mixture of sympathy and caution. As someone who believes in practical, long-term welfare, I keep asking myself: do short-term freebies help the girl child, or do they create dependencies that hurt her future prospects?

Why the instinct to give is understandable

  • Politicians and administrators see immediate political gains and measurable short-term relief in distributions: food, cash transfers, free electricity, or direct payments to mothers.
  • Targeting girls and women is ethically right when it corrects historic imbalances. The instinct to make a visible, immediate difference is powerful and often sincere.

Yet good intentions are not enough.

The "ladki effect" I worry about

When the state leans on sops as a primary instrument, I notice three predictable and dangerous patterns:

  1. Fiscal strain becomes structural. A promise that looks affordable for one electoral cycle can become an irresistible entitlement — and a ballooning line item in state budgets.
  2. Perverse incentives emerge. If a subsidy reduces the incentive to work, or crowds out skill-building and employment programs, beneficiaries can become economically weaker over time.
  3. Policy attention narrows. Large doles pull administrative bandwidth away from health, education quality, and women’s skills training — interventions that deliver compounding returns.

I am not arguing against targeted support. I am arguing for surgical choices: pick interventions that unlock future earnings and agency, not those that merely transfer consumption.

What I recommend instead

  • Prioritise skills and livelihood programs tied to measurable job outcomes over recurrent cash sops. A one-time investment in training can outlast multiple years of small cash transfers.
  • Design time-bound transition plans. If a benefit is necessary, attach it to clear graduation criteria tied to employment, education, or business-creation milestones.
  • Protect fiscal space with sunset clauses. Any large subsidy must come with a legally enforceable review and a phase-out plan if certain economic thresholds are crossed.
  • Use pilots and evidence. Before scaling, run randomized or phased pilots that measure long-term outcomes: school retention, labour participation, asset creation.

My practical test before endorsing any scheme

When I evaluate a proposed legislative or executive sop aimed at girls/women, I ask four simple questions:

  • Does it increase lifetime earnings potential (skills, education, assets)?
  • Is it time-bound with clear graduation criteria?
  • Can the state afford it without crowding out essential services?
  • Is there a credible monitoring and evaluation plan to measure impact after 2–5 years?

If the answer to any of these is "no," I advise steering clear.

A short policy note

Recent editorials and commentaries have flagged the normalisation of freebies as a political tool — and the risk that it becomes the fiscal norm rather than the exception. For further reading on how freebies have been shaping electoral behaviour and state finances, see this editorial discussion on the broader trend Distributing freebies to win elections — The new normal and related commentary on state-level schemes and debates in the press.

Closing reflection

I respect the desire to do something now for girls who need support. But if our policy choices make girls dependent on the state for consumption rather than equipping them to stand on their own two feet, we have failed them. My plea to policymakers is simple: build programs that teach, equip, and graduate — not programs that only placate.


Regards,
Hemen Parekh


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