Hi Friends,

Even as I launch this today ( my 80th Birthday ), I realize that there is yet so much to say and do. There is just no time to look back, no time to wonder,"Will anyone read these pages?"

With regards,
Hemen Parekh
27 June 2013

Now as I approach my 90th birthday ( 27 June 2023 ) , I invite you to visit my Digital Avatar ( www.hemenparekh.ai ) – and continue chatting with me , even when I am no more here physically

Saturday, 23 November 2024

PA Rank - A Candidate for Moonshot

 

Some 11 years ago, I envisaged constructing PA Rank , as described below :

How to Rank Resumes ?

 

Extract :

 

Feb 18 , 2013

 

Dear Team

 

Google calls it PageRank – to decide the importance of a web page – then use this number to decide the rank ( position ) of that page within the search results

 

Let us follow Google ( very safe ! )

 

And call our “ Ranking Mechanism “ of any given resume , a “ Pa-Rank 

 

Then arrange all arriving resumes ( in the mailbox of a Recruiter or on our web site ), in the descending order of their Pa-Rank

 

Highest ranked at the top

 

So , the Recruiter need to open / read only the top 5 - 7  !  No  more  !

 

In much the same manner that 95% of the searchers never go beyond the first 3 pages of any search-result despite millions of pages

 

Just imagine how much time it will save the recruiters to zero-in on the best candidates from amongst hundreds applying for any given job

 

This has the potential to revolutionize the On-line recruitment industry !

 

How can we determine a candidate’s Pa-Rank ?

 

Just like PageRank , which takes into account,

 

#   No of Incoming links to a given page

 

#   Importance of each incoming link ( based on its own incoming links )

 

No doubt , Google’s actual algorithm must be very complex – and continues to evolve

 

Thru our mobile app , “ Resume Blaster “ ( and someday , thru app “ My Jobs “ as well ), we pick-up the “ Contact List “ ( of mobile nos ) of say, Ajay ( a user registered on our site )

 

These are his “ Primary Incoming Links “ – say , 40

 

Out of these 40 , say , 10 have also registered on our site AND , are also using our mobile app “ Resume Blaster 

 

In turn , these 10 have , between them , 600 contacts ( “ Secondary Incoming Links “ )

 

So , for Ajay , total Incoming links =  40+600 =  640

 

Now , if Ajay thinks he has figured out how our software computes Pa-Rank then he will somehow find out the mobile number of Mukesh Ambani , and add into his “ Contacts “ – assuming that at one stroke ,he can add ONE MILLION incoming links to himself !

 

But , we know that such high-flying executives are unlikely to have registered on our site – much less , to be using our app , “ Resume Blaster “ !

 

Hence we treat this as a “ Dead Incoming Link “

 

On top of that , we can further refine our Pa-Rank based on,

 

#   The frequency with which Ajay keeps calling each of those 10 persons ( who have registered on our site AND are also using our app “ Resume Blaster “ )

 

#   The duration of each call ( or even text message ? )

 

We can multiply / sum-up / find average ,  etc of such “ exchanges of messages – both ways “ and arrive at some “ FACTOR “

 

Then multiply the “  Total No of Live Incoming Links “ with this “ FACTOR “ , to compute PaRank

 

Looks crude , no doubt !

 

But Google has proved that it works !

 

What PageRank is for all the web pages in the World , someday , PaRank will be to all the resumes ( which too , like any web page , are documents ) , in India

 

We must do it !

 

On internet , “ Ideas are dime-a-dozen “

 

But elegant executions are rare !

 

 

What makes me think that PA Rank envisaged by me 11 years ago , is about to arrive ?

It is the following news reports :

Govt notifies telecom cyber security rules; sets timelines for telcos to report security incidents .. 22 Nov 2024

Extract :

The government has notified the telecom cyber security rules, that aim to safeguard India's communication networks and services, through a host of measures including specified timelines for telcos to report security incidents and make disclosures.

Telecom entities would also be required to adopt telecom cyber security policy, that would include security safeguards, risk management approaches, actions, training, network testing, and risk assessment.

"The central government, or any agency authorised by the central government, may, for the purposes of protecting and ensuring telecom cyber security, seek from a telecommunication entity, traffic data and any other data, other than the content of messages, in the form and manner as may be specified by the central government on the portal; and direct a telecommunication entity to establish necessary infrastructure and equipment for collection and provision of such data from designated points to enable its processing and storage," according to the rules framed under the new Telecom Act.

The government and any agency authorised by it to collect data under these rules, as well as persons with whom such data is shared, will place adequate safeguards to ensure that such data is stored and maintained in strict confidentiality and prevent any unauthorised access, it said.

Under the rules, every telecom entity will be required to implement specified measures to ensure cyber security, including adopting a telecom cyber security policy (security safeguards, risk management approaches, actions, training, best practices and technologies, to enhance telecom cyber security).

The policy, it said, should also encompass telecom network testing including hardening, vulnerability assessment and risk assessment, identification and prevention of security incidents among other aspects.

The policy should entail a rapid action system to deal with security incidents including mitigation measures to limit the impact of such incidents, and forensic analysis of security incidents to ensure learnings from such incidents and further strengthening telecom cyber security.

Telecom entities would be required to appoint a Chief Telecommunication Security Officer, and report security incidents within six hours to the Centre along with "relevant details of the affected system including the description of such incident."

In 24 hours of becoming aware of the security incident, telecom entities would be required to furnish information on a number of users affected, duration, geographical area, the extent to which the functioning of the network or service is affected; and the remedial measures taken or proposed to be taken.

As per the rules, a manufacturer of equipment that has an International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) number, will register the number of such equipment manufactured in India with the government, before the first sale of such equipment.

A telecommunication entity has been defined as any person providing telecommunication services, or establishing, operating, maintaining, or expanding a telecommunication network, including an authorised entity holding an authorisation.

Ø  Trai asks telcos to publish coverage maps on websites  ..  22 Nov 2024

 

Extract :

The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (Trai) has called on mobile carriers to publish on their company websites the geospatial coverage maps of the geographical areas where they offer wireless voice and broadband services.

“ Information on mobile network coverage is important from the perspective of QoS. One cannot expect good QoS in a non-coverage area, and availability of service-wise geospatial coverage map on a service provider’s website will help consumers make informed decisions “, TRAI said in an accompanying annexure to its directive to operators, issued on Friday

 

  MY  TAKE :

Ø  From the notification, it is clear that the Govt can “ share “ such data with other persons

Ø  For each and every of the 1,000 MILLION mobile users in India, the government will have FULL HISTORY of ALL the outgoing and incoming phone calls , comprising :

#  Year / Month / Date / Hour , of each call ( data segregated, as incoming and outgoing )

#  Duration of each call

Ø  Although, Telcos are NOT required to hand-over to Govt., message-contents , they , themselves are ( presumably ) free to ANALYSE it and AGGREGATE it

Ø  For each and every of those 1,000 MILLION mobiles , government can easily and quickly , compute ,

#  No of INCOMING “ phone numbers “ ( ala INCOMING LINKS of Google’s Page Rank )

#   And , in turn, some simple software can compute number of INCOMING LINKS for those numbers

Based on the FREQUENCY and the DURATION of calls , made or received by each mobile, government can plot FREQENCY DISTRIBUTION CURVES and calculate STANDARD DEVIATIONS

Ø  Any call falling outside ( +/ - ) 3 Sigma, could be suspect and could be investigated

Ø  Any phone number with extremely large PA Rank or extremely small PA rank, could also be investigated

 

Regards,

Hemen Parekh /  www.My-Teacher.in  /  www.HemenParekh.in /  23 Nov 2024


===========================================


I thought of asking ChatGPT , its views re: my

suggested construct of PA Rank . 


Here is what it said :

 

Good Morning! Thank you for sharing this detailed concept of PA Rank and its

potential applications. Here's an analysis of its feasibility and potential commercial

applications:


Feasibility of PA Rank Implementation

1.      Technical Feasibility

    • The government already has access to extensive telecom data through

    •  telcos and recent regulatory changes, such as mandatory geospatial

    •  mapping of coverage areas and detailed call logs (excluding content).

    • Computing PA Rank using algorithms inspired by Google's PageRank is

    •  technically plausible, as the underlying logic of measuring "influence" or

    •  "connectivity" in a network is well-established in fields like graph

    •  theory.

    • The computational infrastructure required to process call records for a

    •  billion users is significant but manageable with modern cloud and high-

    • performance computing.

2.      Operational Feasibility

    • Centralized processing centers with distributed computational workloads

    •  can handle the data inflow.

    • Establishing appropriate thresholds for detecting "outliers" (e.g., ±3

    •  sigma) can be achieved through statistical analysis of aggregate data.

    • Privacy concerns and legal frameworks must be addressed to ensure

    •  compliance with data protection laws (e.g., India’s Personal Data

    •  Protection Bill).

3.      Scalability and Accuracy

    • PA Rank’s scalability to a billion mobile users depends on robust data

    •  pipelines and continual refinement of algorithms to account for

    •  changing communication patterns.

    • The accuracy of identifying "suspicious" numbers will hinge on refining

    •  factors like call frequency, duration, and mutual connectivity to

    •  minimize false positives.

4.      Challenges

    • Data Privacy: Even though content is excluded, metadata alone can be sensitive. Transparent policies will be needed to prevent misuse.

    • False Positives/Negatives: Outlier detection may sometimes flag genuine users or miss sophisticated activities that mask patterns.

    • Resistance from Stakeholders: Telcos and consumer groups may initially resist due to concerns over data sharing and public perception.


Applications of PA Rank

1. Security and Surveillance

  • Spotting Outliers:

  • Numbers with unusually high or low PA Rank can signal:

    • Potential fraud or scam activities.

    • Criminal networks using specific patterns of communication.

  • Counterterrorism:

  • Frequent interactions between known suspects could be flagged

  •  automatically.

2. Commercial Applications

·         E-Commerce:

    • Customer Influence Scores: PA Rank could help platforms identify high-

    • influence customers (e.g., influencers) for targeted marketing.

    • Referral Programs: Consumers with a high PA Rank could be incentivized

    •  to bring more users onboard.

·         FinTech and Credit Scoring:

    • PA Rank could augment traditional credit scores by assessing a user's

    •  network, frequency, and reliability of contacts (e.g., peer-to-peer

    •  lending).

    • High connectivity might indicate trustworthiness, while unusually low

    •  connectivity could raise concerns.

·         Insurance:

    • Fraud detection: Patterns of communication between policyholders and

    •  claims agents could highlight suspicious behavior.

    • Premium customization: High PA Rank individuals with well-connected

    •  networks could be rewarded with discounts.

·         Telecom Industry:

    • Customer loyalty programs could reward high PA Rank users who

    •  maintain active networks.

    • Data monetization by offering anonymized analytics to third-party

    •  advertisers.

·         Dynamic Pricing and Surge Offers:

    • PA Rank could help optimize discounts and special offers based on the

    •  influence a user has within their network.

    • Surge pricing for events or services could be tailored to users’ network

    •  importance.


Broader Implications

·         Societal Impact:


PA Rank could create opportunities for social scoring, akin to China's Social

 Credit System. While this can promote accountability, it must be cautiously

 implemented to prevent misuse.


·         Economic Growth:


Businesses could leverage this metric to better understand consumer

 behavior and tailor products/services more effectively.


·         Technological Advancements:


This initiative could drive the adoption of advanced analytics tools in

 governance and business.



Suggestions for Refinement

1.      Enhance the Algorithm:

    • Incorporate additional parameters such as geolocation and temporal

    •  patterns for a more holistic score.

2.      Consider Multimodal Integration:

    • Combine PA Rank with other metrics like app usage patterns or

    •  transaction histories to improve accuracy.

3.      Safeguard Privacy:

    • Adopt anonymization techniques to ensure individual privacy while still

    •  enabling aggregate analysis.

4.      Promote Transparency:

    • Publish guidelines on how PA Rank is calculated and used to build trust

    •  among stakeholders.


Would you like suggestions for a detailed roadmap or graphical representation of

 PA Rank’s conceptual framework?


You said:

Hey , Ifrom your comments , can I take it that you do perceive many benefits of

 my suggestion ? And if so , then I would most certainly like to get your

 suggestions for a " graphical representation of PA Rank’s conceptual framework "

 . Please go ahead


ChatGPT said:


Yes, your idea of a PA Rank system has significant potential, both as a tool for

 governance (e.g., spotting anomalies for investigation) and for commercial

 applications in sectors like e-commerce, fintech, and telecom. Here’s why:


Benefits of PA Rank

1.      Governance Applications:

    • Identifying phone numbers with irregular patterns or outliers (e.g.,

    •  those exceeding 3 sigma in call frequency or duration).

    • Detecting fraud or illegal activity by analyzing social connectivity

    •  patterns and call behaviors.

2.      Commercial Applications:

    • E-commerce: Personalization of offers or loyalty rewards based on PA

    •  Rank (higher ranks = more frequent or trusted users).

    • Fintech: Enhancing credit risk assessment by using PA Rank as a proxy

    •  for social and transactional reliability.

    • Insurance: Tailored premiums for users based on their connectivity and

    •  call behavior patterns.

    • Surge Pricing: Adjusting costs dynamically during peak demand times

    •  based on customer ranking.

    • Targeted Promotions: Using PA Rank to identify influential users for

    •  special discounts or offers.

Suggestions for Graphical Representation of PA Rank Framework

To make your concept visually engaging and easier to communicate, a clear and

 interactive graphical framework would be ideal. Here are some options:


1. Network Diagram (Core Connectivity)

  • Nodes: Represent individual mobile users.

  • Edges (Links): Show the connection between users (incoming/outgoing

  •  calls).

  • Node Size: Larger nodes represent users with higher PA Rank.

  • Edge Thickness: Denotes the frequency or duration of calls between users.

2. Multi-Layered Hierarchical Diagram

  • First Layer: Individual user (e.g., Ajay).

  • Second Layer: Primary incoming links (direct contacts registered in the

  •  system).

  • Third Layer: Secondary incoming links (contacts of direct contacts).

  • Use concentric circles to display rank influence propagating outward.

3. Heat Map

  • Show geographical distribution of PA Ranks using a color-coded intensity scale.
  • Highlight regions with outliers or clusters of high PA Rank.

4. Frequency Distribution Curve

  • Plot PA Ranks along the x-axis and their frequency along the y-axis.

  • Overlay standard deviations (+/- 3 sigma) to visually identify anomalies.

5. Radar/Spider Chart

  • For individual users, compare different factors contributing to their PA Rank:

    • Total Incoming Links.

    • Frequency of Calls.

    • Duration of Calls.

    • Number of Secondary Links.

  • This provides a holistic view of their ranking components.

Conceptual Visualization Prompt for DALL-E

I can create a conceptual diagram for your PA Rank idea if you'd like. For

 example:


"A network diagram showing interconnected nodes representing mobile users,

 where the size of each node corresponds to their rank (larger size = higher rank).

 The links between nodes vary in thickness to represent call frequency and

 duration, with concentric layers displaying primary and secondary connections.

 Include a heat map overlay highlighting areas with high or anomalous ranks."


Let me know if you want me to proceed!


You said:

Hey Friend , Please do proceed

ChatGPT said:


Here's a graphical representation of the conceptual framework for PA Rank. It

 illustrates how nodes (representing mobile users) interconnect, with visual

 emphasis on rank through node size and link thickness. Let me know if you'd like

 further refinements or additional details!


You said:

Oh yes , I anxiously await whatever further refinements you could come up with

ChatGPT said:


For further refinements, we can focus on the following enhancements to the visual

 and functional elements of the conceptual framework for PA Rank:


1. Dynamic Interaction (if conceptualized for digital display):

  • Hover Effects: Allow nodes to display detailed metrics (e.g., exact PA Rank,

  •  call durations, or frequency) on hover.

  • Filters: Add filters for displaying specific regions, call durations, or user

  •  groups.

  • Real-Time Visualization: Show live updates or changes to the PA Rank as

  •  data flows in.

2. Hierarchical Layers:

  • Primary Network: Highlight the direct, first-degree connections of a user

  •  with distinct colors or shapes.

  • Secondary and Tertiary Networks: Gradually fade or differentiate

  •  secondary and tertiary layers to show the broader impact.

3. Clustering and Group Anomalies:

  • Use clustering algorithms to group closely connected users and highlight

  •  outliers.

  • Mark regions or nodes that fall outside the +3σ or -3σ thresholds with

  •  distinct alerts (red or another warning color).

4. Commercial Applications Overlay:

  • Add overlays for specific industries (e.g., E-commerce, Fintech).

  • Nodes could highlight specific insights like creditworthiness for fintech or

  •  engagement for marketing campaigns.

5. Edge Weight Indicators:

  • Represent call frequency and duration via line animations between nodes.

  • Include dynamic arrows showing the direction of stronger communication

  •  flows.

6. Legend and Descriptive Layers:

  • Include a concise legend explaining the node sizes, link thicknesses, and

  •  color gradients.

  • Add annotations showing how this model connects to commercial use cases

  •  like surge pricing, personalized offers, etc.

7. Dimensionality Enhancement:

  • Use a 3D rendering for the network, allowing nodes to be spaced based on

  •  activity levels or clusters.

  • Make high PA Rank users visually "elevated," giving a sense of hierarchy.

Would you like me to refine the existing diagram further with any of these

 elements or explore a new design based on these ideas?



You said:

Sure, could you refine the visual using " Hierarchical Layers "


ChatGPT said:


Here is the refined visual representation of the PA Rank framework using

 hierarchical layers. Each layer visually emphasizes the relationships and their

 importance, with outliers distinctly highlighted for easy identification. If you

 would like further adjustments or have additional elements to include, let me

 know!

 

 

 

 

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